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• §Ú§Ù§í§ã§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ 200 §Þ§Ý§ß. §Õ§à§Ý§Ý. §³§º§¡, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §à§ß §å§Ø§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý §ß§Ñ §å§Õ§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §ã§Ö§Ù§à§ß§Ñ §Ó§í§â§Ñ§ë§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §å§â§à§Ø§Ñ§ñ 2008/09 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ. §¥§Ý§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ã§â§à§Ü§à§Ó (2010¨C2012 §Ô§à§Õ§í) §¶§à§ß§Õ §á§í§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ú§Ù§í§ã§Ü§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§à 1,5 §Þ§Ý§â§Õ. §Õ§à§Ý§Ý. §³§º§¡ §Ó §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ã§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ 8-§Þ §Õ§à§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ, §á§à §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ§å §Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §Ó§Ö§Õ§å§ä§ã§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§í, §Õ§Ý§ñ §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §ß§Ñ §ã§å§Þ§Þ§å 3,3 §Þ§Ý§â§Õ. §Õ§à§Ý§Ý. §³§º§¡.
• §®§ß§à§Ô§à§ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§ß§Ö§Þ§å §æ§à§ß§Õ§å §ã§å§Ò§ã§Ú§Õ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à 800 §Þ§Ý§ß. §Õ§à§Ý§Ý. §³§º§¡ §Õ§Ý§ñ §å§Õ§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§í §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §å§Ø§Ö §á§à§Õ§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§í §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ü §ã§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§ñ§ê§ß§Ö§Þ§å §Õ§ß§ð §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú.

 

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¹ §¶§¡§°, ?§¶§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ: §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í, §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§Ö§â§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§í?, 2007 §Ô§à§Õ.

² Stephen Akroyd and Lawrence Smith (2007), Review of Public Spending to Agriculture, A Joint Study by the Department for International Development and the World Bank, page 2. §¥§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ §£§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Ô§à §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ñ §à §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ñ 2008 §Ô§à§Õ §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à ?§Õ§à§Ý§ñ §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §â§Ñ§ã§ç§à§Õ§à§Ó §Ó §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ç (§Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ §Ó §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö) §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §ß§Ú§Ø§Ö (4 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Ó 2004 §Ô§à§Õ§å), §é§Ö§Þ §Ó §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ç §ã §á§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§Ü§à§Û §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§à§Ô§à §â§à§ã§ä§Ñ §Ó §ß§Ú§ç §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ (10 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ó 1980 §Ô§à§Õ§å)?, §ã§ä§â. 40.

³ §£ 2006 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Õ§à§Ý§ñ §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý§Ñ 3,4 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó §°§±§², §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à 3,99 §Þ§Ý§â§Õ. §Õ§à§Ý§Ý. §³§º§¡, §Ú §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à 2,6 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ, §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à 2,3 §Þ§Ý§â§Õ. §Õ§à§Ý§Ý. §³§º§¡, §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§à §Ý§Ú§ß§Ú§Ú §°§±§² §ã§å§Þ§Þ (§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó§Ù§ñ§ä§í §Ú§Ù §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ò§Ñ§Ù§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §°§¿§³§²).

⁴ §£ §¥§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö §à §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ú ?§³§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ñ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ?, 2008 §Ô§à§Õ, §á§à§ñ§ã§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à §ã§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ß§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§è§Ú§Û §Ó §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§ç 25 §Ý§Ö§ä §à§ä§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ §Ó i) §ß§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ò§à§â§à§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ü§à§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §Þ§Ñ§Ü§â§à§ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ú §ã§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ; ii) §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§ä §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§ß§Ñ§Ò§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §Þ§Ñ§â§Ü§Ö§ä§Ú§ß§Ô, §é§ä§à §á§â§Ö§Ó§í§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §à§Õ§ß§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó§í§ä§Ö§ã§ß§ñ§ñ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§Û §ã§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â, §Ú iii) §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§ç §Õ§Ý§ñ §æ§Ö§â§Þ§Ö§â§à§Ó §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§í §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ú§ß§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§è§Ú§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§à§Ò§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§à§Õ§à§ä§é§Ö§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ù§Ñ §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú-§Õ§à§ß§à§â§í §ß§Ö §å§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §ß§Ñ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§à§Ó §Ü §å§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô. §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ã§Ü§Ý§à§ß§ß§í §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §å§Ù§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§í, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó§à §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§Þ §ß§Ö §å§é§Ú§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú, §Þ§Ñ§â§Ü§Ö§ä§Ú§ß§Ô§à§Þ, §à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§à§Û §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í §Ú §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ. §¯§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§Ö§è, §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§Ñ§Ý§à §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §à§è§Ö§ß§à§Ü §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§í§ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

⁵ §¯§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö §à§è§Ö§ß§à§Ü, §â§Ñ§ß§Ö§Ö §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ó§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó §¸§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ó§å§ð §Ô§â§å§á§á§å, §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú. §¿§ä§Ú §è§Ú§æ§â§í §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §à§Ò§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§í §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ã§Ò§à§â§Ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ù §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§í§ç §à§è§Ö§ß§à§Ü.

⁶ , 2008 §Ô§à§Õ, IFPRI, "Rising food prices, What should be done?" April 2008; IFPRI Policy Brief "Investing in agriculture to overcome food crisis and reduce poverty and hunger," June 2008; IMF, "Food and Fuel Prices-Recent Developments, Macroeconomic Impact, and Policy Responses," June 2008; and "The Balance of Payments Impact of the Food and Fuel Price Shocks on Low-Income African Countries: A Country-by-Country Assessment," June 2008.

⁷ §±§à §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§Ñ §á§à §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ö §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ó§à§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú (S. Fan and M. Rosegrant, 2008), §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ß§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§è§Ú§Ú §Ó §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ç, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §¸§²§¥§´ 1 (§Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Õ§à§â§à§Ô§Ú §Ú §à§â§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §ã§å§Ò§ã§Ú§Õ§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ü§Ú §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§à§Ó §Ò§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§Þ §æ§Ö§â§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ), §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó 16,3 §Þ§Ý§â§Õ. §Õ§à§Ý§Ý. §³§º§¡.

⁸ §£ §Ö§Ø§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §£§±§±, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§å§ä §Õ§à 6 §Þ§Ý§â§Õ. §Õ§à§Ý§Ý. §³§º§¡ §Ó §Ô§à§Õ, §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à §Ó§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ä §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö 50 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ó§à§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú, §Ñ §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §á§â§Ú§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î §ß§Ö§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ú §Õ§Ó§å§ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§ß§ð§ð §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î (§ã§Þ. §Õ§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ó§à§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú (Interfais) §Ù§Ñ 2007 §Ô§à§Õ).

⁹ §´§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ñ§ñ §Ô§â§å§á§á§Ñ §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ó§à§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §¢§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ã-§á§Ý§Ñ§ß §²§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ö§Û §Ô§â§å§á§á§í §Ó §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§í §á§à §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §¸§²§¥§´ §Ó §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö, 15 §Þ§Ñ§ñ 2008 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ.

¹⁰ §£ 1980-§Ö §Ô§à§Õ§í §Õ§à§Ý§ñ §°§±§² §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý§Ñ 17 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó.

¹¹ §±§â§Ú§Ù§í§Ó §£§±§± §Ü §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §é§â§Ö§Ù§Ó§í§é§Ñ§Û§ß§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §Ó §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Þ§Ö 755 §Þ§Ý§ß. §Õ§à§Ý§Ý. §³§º§¡, §à§Ò§ì§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ó §Þ§Ñ§â§ä§Ö 2008 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ, §á§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ü§â§í§ä§Ú§ñ §Ó§à§Ù§â§à§ã§ê§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§Ñ§ä §Ó §Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í §ß§Ñ 2008 §Ô§à§Õ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó§í§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§í §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §è§Ö§ß §ß§Ñ §ä§à§á§Ý§Ú§Ó§à §Ú §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ó§à§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö. §±§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §£§±§± §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û, §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§å§Ö§Þ§à§Û §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö §Õ§à§Ò§â§à§Ó§à§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ó§Ù§ß§à§ã§à§Ó, §Ö§Ö §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§à §Ò§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§à§Û §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í §ß§Ñ 2008 §Ô§à§Õ, §Ö§ë§Ö §ß§Ö §å§Õ§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§í §á§à§Ý§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð.

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