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In recent years, the GEF has made demonstrable progress in mainstreaming gender in the LDCF and SCCF. According to the 2008 GEF self-assessment ‘Mainstreaming Gender at the GEF’, 68 out of 172 GEF projects reviewed contained examples of gender mainstreaming activities.8 However, it was deemed to be the result of “individual interest and efforts rather than … a corporate approach backed by institutional systems and mechanisms” regarding gender.9 Similarly, the 2009 gender-mainstreaming evaluation of the GEF, prepared as part of the ‘Fourth Overall Performance Study’, noted that gender mainstreaming at the GEF was at an “embryonic stage,” relying mostly on its two main implementing partners (The World Bank and UNDP) to mainstream gender in GEF-funded projects.10 By the end of 2010, however, the GEF had taken clear steps towards systematizing mainstreaming gender in its programmes in general and in the LDCF and SCCF in particular. The ‘Updated ResultsBased Management Framework’ for the two funds, adopted at the November 2010 GEF Council meeting, contains indicators newly disaggregated by sex.11 In addition, the ‘2010 Revised Programming Strategy’ for the LDCF and SCCF states that the funds will 1) encourage implementing agencies to conduct gender analyses; 2) require vulnerability analyses to take gender into account; and 3) integrate gender as appropriate in all results frameworks and in updated operational guidance materials.12 Complementing this revised strategy, a new ‘GEF Policy on Gender Mainstreaming’ was approved by the GEF Council in May 2011, with the objective of achieving gender equity within GEF operations.13 As highlighted by the ‘Revised Programming Strategy’, the LDCF and SCCF benefit from this policy as it developed “specific operational guidance for strengthening socio-economic and gender analysis and identifying appropriate indicators,” which inform and “become part of project design requirements and part of project review criteria.”14 The new endorsement templates and review criteria for the LDCF and SCCF place a strong emphasis on gender equality issues, reflecting progress towards incorporating a gender perspective throughout the two Funds.